High band gap 2-6 and 3-5 tunneling junctions for silicon multijunction solar cells

A multijunction silicon solar cell of high efficiency is provided by providing a tunnel junction between the solar cell junctions to connect them in series. The tunnel junction is comprised of p+ and n+ layers of high band gap 3-5 or 2-6 semiconductor materials that match the lattice structure of silicon, such as GaP (band gap 2.24 eV) or ZnS (band gap 3.6 eV). Each of which has a perfect lattice match with silicon to avoid defects normally associated with lattice mismatch

Method for growing low defect, high purity crystalline layers utilizing lateral overgrowth of a patterned mask

A method for growing a high purity, low defect layer of semiconductor is described. This method involves depositing a patterned mask of a material impervious to impurities of the semiconductor on a surface of a blank. When a layer of semiconductor is grown on the mask, the semiconductor will first grow from the surface portions exposed by the openings in the mask and will bridge the connecting portions of the mask to form a continuous layer having improved purity, since only the portions overlying the openings are exposed to defects and impurities. The process can be iterated and the mask translated to further improve the quality of grown layers

Self-Reconfigurable Analog Arrays: Off-The Shelf Adaptive Electronics for Space Applications

Development of analog electronic solutions for space avionics is expensive and lengthy. Lack of flexible analog devices, counterparts to digital Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), prevents analog designers from benefits of rapid prototyping. This forces them to expensive and lengthy custom design, fabrication, and qualification of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The limitations come from two directions: commercial Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have limited variability in the components offered on-chip; and they are only qualified for best case scenarios for military grade (-55C to +125C). In order to avoid huge overheads, there is a growing trend towards avoiding thermal and radiation protection by developing extreme environment electronics, which maintain correct operation while exposed to temperature extremes (-180degC to +125degC). This paper describes a recent FPAA design, the Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array (SRAA) developed at JPL. It overcomes both limitations, offering a variety of analog cells inside the array together with the possibility of self-correction at extreme temperatures

Advanced miniature processing handware for ATR applications

A Hybrid Optoelectronic Neural Object Recognition System (HONORS), is disclosed, comprising two major building blocks: (1) an advanced grayscale optical correlator (OC) and (2) a massively parallel three-dimensional neural-processor. The optical correlator, with its inherent advantages in parallel processing and shift invariance, is used for target of interest (TOI) detection and segmentation. The three-dimensional neural-processor, with its robust neural learning capability, is used for target classification and identification. The hybrid optoelectronic neural object recognition system, with its powerful combination of optical processing and neural networks, enables real-time, large frame, automatic target recognition (ATR)

Solid-state non-volatile electronically programmable reversible variable resistance device

A solid-state variable resistance device (10) whose resistance can be repeatedly altered by a control signal over a wide range, and which will remain stable after the signal is removed, is formed on an insulated layer (14), supported on a substrate (12) and comprises a set of electrodes (16a, 16b) connected by a layer (18) of material, which changes from an insulator to a conductor upon the injection of ions, covered by a layer (22) of material with insulating properties which permit the passage of ions, overlaid by an ion donor material (20). The ion donor material is overlaid by an insulating layer (24) upon which is deposited a control gate (26) located above the contacts. In a preferred embodiment, the variable resistance material comprises WO.sub.3, the ion donor layer comprises Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and the layers sandwiching the ion donor layer comprise silicon monoxide. When a voltage is applied to the gate, the resistance between the electrode contacts changes, decreasing with positive voltage and increasing with negative voltage

Cascaded VLSI neural network architecture for on-line learning

High-speed, analog, fully-parallel and asynchronous building blocks are cascaded for larger sizes and enhanced resolution. A hardware-compatible algorithm permits hardware-in-the-loop learning despite limited weight resolution. A comparison-intensive feature classification application has been demonstrated with this flexible hardware and new algorithm at high speed. This result indicates that these building block chips can be embedded as application-specific-coprocessors for solving real-world problems at extremely high data rates

High density associative memory

A multi-layered, thin-film, digital memory having associative recall. There is a first memory matrix and a second memory matrix. Each memory matrix comprises, a first layer comprising a plurality of electrically separated row conductors; a second layer comprising a plurality of electrically separated column conductors intersecting but electrically separated from the row conductors; and, a plurality of resistance elements electrically connected between the row condutors and the column conductors at respective intersections of the row conductors and the column conductors, each resistance element comprising, in series, a first resistor of sufficiently high ohmage to conduct a sensible element current therethrough with virtually no heat-generating power consumption when a low voltage as employed in thin-film applications is applied thereacross and a second resistor of sufficiently high ohmage to conduct no sensible current therethrough when a low voltage as employed in thin-film applications is applied thereacross, the second resistor having the quality of breaking down to create a short therethrough upon the application of a breakdown level voltage across the first and second resistors

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Malaysian sea cucumber, (Holothuria edulis Lesson), extracts

Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata and the class Holothuroidea that found on the sea floor worldwide. In Asia, many of sea cucumber species are considered as traditional food items and have been used in featment of numerous diseases such as eczema, arthritis and hypertension. Previous scientific studies have shown multiple biological activities of sea cucumber species as antinociceptive, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of aqueous and organic extracts from sea cucumber, Holothuria edulis. Two different free radical systems were used to evaluate antioxidant activity of H. edulis, stable radical l,l-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) and linoleic acid free radical mediated p-carotene bleaching. In addition, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was used to determine the total phenolic content of the exfacts. The inhibitory effect of the exfacts on proliferation of MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and TEI (Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) human cancer cell lines were demonstrated by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our data showed that the gallic acid equivalent (GAE) of the total phenolic content in aqueous extract (GAE : 7.33 mglg) is higher than an organic extact (GAE = 2.17 mglg). An aqueous extract also exhibited higher.antioxidant capacity by using DPPH assay (ICso = 2.04 mg/ml vs. 8.73 mlmL in organic extract), as well as by using p-carotene bleaching assay (Antioxidant Activity : 42.69 %o vs. 28.52 % in organic extract). On the other hand, an organic extact showed higher antiproliferative effect against MCF-7 and TEI cancer cells, giving ICso : 28.0 and 17.5 pdmL, respectively than aqueous extract, that gave ICso : 133.0 pilmL against MCF- '7 and76.0 pgmL against TEl. In conclusion, frndings of this study revealed that H. edulis as a promising source ofnatural antioxidants and anticancer products

Uncovering Trends and Research Gaps in Corporate Governance and Islamic Finance

The objective of the study is to investigate the intersection of corporate governance and Islamic finance. Previous studies have explored the intersection of these two fields, examining board structure, ownership, and executive compensation. However, limited attention has been given to the role of Islamic finance in corporate governance. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of research on corporate governance and Islamic finance. The findings provide insights into the current state of research and offer opportunities for future research. The study's outcomes have implications for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars in the field of corporate governance and Islamic finance

Predictability in space launch vehicle anomaly detection using intelligent neuro-fuzzy systems

Included in this viewgraph presentation on intelligent neuroprocessors for launch vehicle health management systems (HMS) are the following: where the flight failures have been in launch vehicles; cumulative delay time; breakdown of operations hours; failure of Mars Probe; vehicle health management (VHM) cost optimizing curve; target HMS-STS auxiliary power unit location; APU monitoring and diagnosis; and integration of neural networks and fuzzy logic